Effects of tributyltin （TBT） on enzyme activity and oxidative stress in hepatopancreas and hemolymph of small abalone, Haliotis diversicolor supertexta     

贾锡伟  张子平  王淑红  林鹏  邹志华  黄邦钦  王艺磊 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2009,27(4):816-824

We investigated the effect of tributyltin (TBT) exposure on the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity levels of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP and AKP) enzymes in the small abalone, Haliotis diversicolor supertexta. We collected samples of the hepatopancreas and hemolymph 2, 6, 24, 48, 96, and 192 h after exposure to 0.35 μg (Sn)/L TBT. In the hepatopancreas, ACP activity was significantly higher in animals exposed to TBT 2, 24, and 96 h post-exposure compared with the control animals. AKP activity was also higher after 2 h, but SOD and CAT activity was unchanged. The concentration of MDA in the hemolymph was significantly higher than the control animals 2 and 6 h post-exposure. In the hemolymph of animals exposed to TBT, ACP activity was significantly lower than in the control animals 192 h post-exposure, whereas AKP activity was significantly lower 2 and 192 h post-exposure. Hemolymph SOD activity and levels of MDA were significantly lower than in the control animals 24 h after exposure but significantly higher after 96 h. Our results demonstrate that exposure to TBT cause rapid changes in ACP and AKP activity as well as altering the concentration of MDA in the hepatopancreas and hemolymph. SOD and CAT do not appear to be involved in the detoxification of TBT in the hepatopancreas of small abalone.  相似文献   

Histochemical localization and characterization of AKP, ACP, NSE, and POD from cultured Apostichopus japonicus     

LI Jiye  SUN Xiuqin  ZHENG Fengrong  SUN Hushan 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2009,27(3)

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云南澜沧银铅锌多金属矿床含矿岩系地球化学     

杨通树  张晓平  王亚萍  刘心开 《云南地质》2010,29(3):311-317

矿床含矿岩系下石炭统依柳组(C1y)火山岩系形成于陆内裂谷构造环境,具有大陆碱性玄武岩特征。岩系中成矿元素铅、锌(特别是铅)背景值较高,为区内银铅锌多金属矿重要矿源层;岩系因子分析表征:Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Sb、Sn、Ag、Au等元素与Cu、Bi、Sn、Mo、Se、W等元素均代表不同期次成矿作用和主要成矿元素组合,对指导区带成矿环境与成矿作用具有一定理论意义。  相似文献   

Chemical and strontium isotope characterization of rainwater at an urban site in Loess Plateau, Northwest China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Zhifang Xu  Yushan Li  Yang Tang  Guilin Han 《Atmospheric Research》2009,94(3):481-490

Major ion concentrations and strontium isotopic ratios (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) were measured in rainwater samples collected at the urban site of Lanzhou, a city located on the Loess Plateau in the arid and semi-arid areas of northwest China. The rainwater samples possessed alkaline pH, at a reference level of 5.6, with a range of 6.82 to 8.28 and a volume-weighted mean (VWM) pH value of 7.70. The alkaline character of rainwater in Lanzhou is due to the result of neutralization caused by the alkaline soil dusts which contain large amount of CaCO₃. It was observed that Ca²⁺ was the most abundant cation with a VWM value of 886 µeq l^− 1 (115–2184 µeq l^− 1), accounting for 87.8% of the total cations. Without considering HCO₃⁻, SO₄²⁻ and NO₃⁻ were dominant among the anions, accounting for 64.2% and 23.0%, respectively, of the total measured anions. Using Na as an indicator of marine origin and Al for terrestrial inputs, the proportions of sea salt and non-sea-salt elements were estimated from elemental ratios. The precipitation in this region has typical continental characteristics. The Sr concentrations varied from 0.004 to 0.885 µmol l^− 1, and strontium isotopic ratios (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) lay in the range of 0.71025–0.71302, with an average of 0.71143. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of Lanzhou rainwater are higher than that of seawater, which reflects contributions from the radiogenic Sr sources of the aerosols. The most suitable candidate for the source would be the soil dust originating from local and distant loess and desert areas. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios were used to characterize different sources of base cations in rainwater, suggesting that the samples could be interpreted in terms of combinations of at least three components: soil dust derived from the Loess Plateau and desert areas in northwest China (with ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ~ 0.7130), seawater (with ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ~ 0.70917), and anthropogenic inputs (with ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ~ 0.7103). The high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio and Ca and Sr content in the rainwater from Lanzhou can be attributed to the dissolution of calcium carbonate in soil dust.  相似文献   

Origin and U–Pb dating of zircon-bearing nepheline syenite xenoliths preserved in basaltic tephra (Massif Central, France)     

Jean-Louis Paquette  Juliette Mergoil-Daniel 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2009,158(2):245-262

Zircon-bearing xenoliths in continental basalts are often interpreted as witnesses of the continental basement uplifted during volcanic eruptions. Nevertheless, their origin is still debated. The Devès basaltic plateau belongs to the alkaline volcanic province of the French Massif Central. In few outcrops, zircon-bearing nepheline syenite xenoliths were preserved. U–Pb dating of the zircon crystals define an age of 956 ± 11 kyr constraining the crystallisation time of the zircons and consequently of the host xenoliths. This age, together with mineral chemistry arguments lead us to conclude that these minerals do not derive from a continental protolith. Rather, they likely result from the crystallisation of a liquid characterised by a nepheline–felspar composition and produced by the differentiation of a basaltic magma or, alternatively, by the low degree partial melting of a metasomatised lithospheric mantle. Such alkaline sialic rock and xenoliths may occur in large volumes at depth and generate the large amounts of zircon megacrysts discovered worldwide in secondary deposits within continental basaltic provinces.  相似文献   

C2/c pyroxene phenocrysts from three potassic series in the Neogene alkaline volcanics, NE Turkey: their crystal chemistry with petrogenetic significance as an indicator of P–T conditions     

Faruk Aydin  Richard M. Thompson  Orhan Karsli  Hinako Uchida  Jason B. Burt  Robert T. Downs 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2009,158(1):131-147

Chemical and structural data are reported for C2/c pyroxene phenocrysts collected from three potassic series (Group A: basanite-tephrite, Group B: tephrite-phonolitic tephrite, Group C: alkaline basalt-trachybasalt) of the Neogene alkaline volcanics (NAVs) in northeastern Turkey, in order to investigate the evolution of the magmatic plumbing system and the location of magma chamber(s) with crystallization conditions. The rock series hosting the clinopyroxene phenocrysts show generally porphyritic texture and have a variable phenocryst-rich nature (20–58%), with phenocryst assemblages characterized by cpx ± ol ± plag ± foid ± amp ± bio. The clinopyroxene phenocrysts can be chemically classified as Ti- and Fe³⁺-rich Al-diopsides for Groups A and B (AB-cpxs) and Ti- and Fe³⁺-poor Al-diopsides for Group C (C-cpxs). They have poorly variable composition, clustering in the diopside field. Structurally, the diopside groups have nearly similar a (ranging from 9.73 to 9.75 ?), V _cell (437.2–440.9 ?³), and 〈beta〉 angle values (106.01°–106.23°), but some differences in polyhedral parameters and geometries of the AB-cpxs and C-cpxs have been observed. For example, the AB-cpxs are characterized by larger c (5.27–5.30 vs. 5.25–5.28 ?), V _T (2.27–2.30 vs. 2.23–2.28 ?³), and V _M2 (25.53–25.72 vs. 25.41–25.59 ?³) values and smaller b (8.87–8.88 vs. 8.88–8.91 ?) and V _M1 (11.49–11.63 vs. 11.64–11.83 ?³) values with respect to the C-cpxs. In addition, the AB-cpxs show higher values of V _M2/V _M1 (2.20–2.23) due to large V _M2 and small V _M1 compared to the V _M2/V _M1 ratios of the C-cpxs (<2.19). Such differences in the crystal structure of the AB-cpxs and C-cpxs from the NAVs are partly related to different crystallization pressures, but mostly related to variation in melt composition and, possibly, the influence of other crystallizing mineral phases. In particular, R(M2-O1) and R(M1-O2) (i.e. bond lengths) differences in the clinopyroxenes of different groups support the presence of evolved host rocks with different alkaline character (i.e. silica-undersaturated Groups A–B and silica-saturated Group C). Based on the cpx-geothermobarometry, the crystallization pressures for the C-cpxs are lower than 4.5 kbars, but the AB-cpxs have relatively high-pressure values (5.6–10.6 kbars), suggesting that the AB-cpxs crystallized in higher pressure environments. The relatively higher crystallization temperatures of the AB-cpxs also indicate higher cooling rates. The P–T estimates suggest that the source regions of the clinopyroxene phenocrysts from the NAVs were crustal magma chambers in a closed plumbing system at a moderate- to low-pressure regime.  相似文献   

Analysis of deformation fabric in an Alkaline Complex (Koraput): Implications for time relationship between emplacement,fabric development and regional tectonics     

Jagatbikas Nanda  Saibal Gupta  Manish A. Mamtani 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2009,74(1):78-94

The Koraput Alkaline Complex (KAC) lies on the NE-SW trending Sileru Shear Zone (SSZ) separating the Proterozoic Eastern Ghats Province from the Archaean Indian craton. The core of the KAC is made of hornblende gabbro, which is rimmed by a band of nepheline syenite in the east and syenodiorite in the west. The timing of magmatism with respect to the SSZ is disputed. The KAC was deformed during emplacement, and a magmatic foliation related to the syn-emplacement deformation, D ₁ , is present in the gabbroic core. The dominant D ₂ -related field fabric strikes NESW and is penetrative in parts of the gabbro and marginal lithologies. E-W trending D ₃ shear zones cut across the complex. Distinct textural domains resulted from strain partitioning during deformation. Parts of the complex with magmatic textures constitute Domain-1, while D ₂ and D ₃ fabric zones comprise Domains-2 and 3 respectively. Temperatures in the KAC initially decreased following D ₁ , but increased through D ₂ and D ₃ . Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) studies show that the magnetic fabric generally follows S ₁ in Domain-1. While the magnetic fabric in Domain-2 is dominantly parallel to S ₂ , some of it parallels S ₁ . The latter is a relict D ₁ fabric that is recognized from AMS analysis but is obliterated in the field, which confirms that the KAC pre-dates the SSZ. The response of magnetic fabrics to temperature and implications of the study for Indo-Antarctica amalgamation are discussed.  相似文献   

大别造山带研子岗碱性岩体成因及其构造意义：锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学制约   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

周红升  马昌前  陈玲 《岩石学报》2009,25(5):1079-1091

出露于大别造山带西南部的研子岗碱性杂岩体侵位于元古代和新太古代随县群中,本文采用锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb定年方法,获得岩体的主体岩性角闪正长岩的岩浆锆石年龄为133± 1Ma,代表岩体的结晶年龄,这一年龄也是大别造山带中已知形成时代最早的早白垩世碱性岩体的结晶年龄（单颗粒锆石U-Pb法）。研子岗碱性杂岩体具有碱性岩典型的富碱（K₂O＋Na₂O＝8.38%~11.26%）、低硅（SiO₂＝63.41%~66.51%）的特点。主要矿物为微斜条纹长石,暗色矿物主要为镁角闪石。地球化学特征表明,全部岩石均具有高Ba-Sr花岗岩类高Ba（1230× 10^-6~4865× 10^-6）、高Sr（583× 10^-6~2088× 10^-6）和无负Eu异常（Eu/Eu^*＝0.97~1.12）等特征,并具有A型花岗岩的部分地球化学特征。岩石的Y/Nb比（0.46~1.09）较低,具洋岛玄武岩的部分地球化学特征,(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) _i初始比值（0.70513~0.70543）较低,表明岩体的物源主要来源于幔源。Nd二阶段模式年龄(t_2DM=1859~1942Ma)和锆石Hf二阶段模式年龄(t_DM2=2130~2330Ma）较老,ε_Nd(133)值(-12.5~-11.4）和ε_Hf(133)值(-18.2~-15.4）较低。综合分析表明,岩体主要为古老的富集岩石圈地幔物质低程度部分熔融和随后地壳物质轻度AFC（混染和分离结晶作用）过程的产物,源岩熔融的热量主要来源于软流圈物质的上涌底侵作用提供。研子岗岩体形成于碰撞后构造环境,岩体的形成预示着大别造山带早白垩世造山过程的即将结束,板内时期的即将来临。  相似文献   

Hydrochemical facies in parts of the Nigerian basement complex   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

B. A. Raji  S. A. Alagbe 《Environmental Geology》1997,29(1-2):46-49

 Water analyses usually involve large amounts of data that require sorting to aid in interpretation. One method that could be used is the hydrochemical facies diagrams. The hydrochemical facies of groundwater from four drainage basins of the Nigerian basement complex, Ife, Asa, Shika, and Kan Gimi, are evaluated using trilinear and Stiff diagrams similar to methods used in lithofacies and geochemical studies. The hydrochemical facies for the basins studied are influenced, aside from the lithology, by the rainfall and their proximity to the sea. In general, no single cation–anion pair exceeds 50%, hence an appreciable percentage of the groundwater in the study areas is of the nondominant type. Within the overburden aquifer of the basement complex, with limited regional flow, a rainfall of about 1150 mm per annum is arbitrarily set as the boundary between alkaline and saline groundwater. Received: 11 August 1995 · Accepted: 6 November 1995  相似文献   

高岭石与碱性驱替剂间作用的实验研究   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

陈忠  沈明道 《岩石学报》1997,13(4):573-582

用Ｔｅｆｌｏｎ惰性反应器在２５℃、５０℃、和７５℃的条件下，以１ｇ／２０ｍｌ的固／液比，研究了高岭石与各三个浓度的两种碱性驱替剂间（Ｎａ２ＣＯ３和ＮａＯＨ）的作用，反应时间为０～６００ｈ，对反应后液相中的硅、铝元素浓度参数和固相物质分别进行了分光光度法和Ｘ－射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）检测，弄清了实验研究参数与液相参数和高岭石相变的关系，得出了高岭石在ＮａＯＨ溶液中存在非一致性的溶蚀趋势。高岭石在碱液中会发生溶蚀，进而可生成方钠石。此研究增加了对碱驱的认识，对提高原油采收率是一项有意义的研究工作。  相似文献